{"id":2013,"date":"2025-02-05T17:52:34","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T15:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/?p=2013"},"modified":"2025-02-16T18:43:39","modified_gmt":"2025-02-16T16:43:39","slug":"ibn-al-awwam-al-ishbili-muslim-agriculture-scholar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/ibn-al-awwam-al-ishbili-muslim-agriculture-scholar\/","title":{"rendered":"Ibn al-Awwam al-Ishbili: Muslim Agriculture Scholar"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2013\" class=\"elementor elementor-2013\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30de0636 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"30de0636\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-312923f\" data-id=\"312923f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41035943 elementor-widget elementor-widget-raven-post-title\" data-id=\"41035943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"raven-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"raven-post-title\">Ibn al-Awwam al-Ishbili: Muslim Agriculture Scholar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e3e41c6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-raven-post-meta\" data-id=\"1e3e41c6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"raven-post-meta.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"raven-inline-items raven-icon-list-items raven-post-meta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"raven-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-c6d3520 raven-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/2025\/02\/05\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"raven-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"raven-icon-list-text raven-post-meta-item raven-post-meta-item-type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 5, 2025\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<li class=\"raven-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-c52dd53 raven-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"raven-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-stopwatch\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"raven-icon-list-text raven-post-meta-item raven-post-meta-item-type-reading time\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t 2 minutes\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1780eb3f\" data-id=\"1780eb3f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21bd2998 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"21bd2998\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/awwam-600-400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2015\" alt=\"Ibn al-Awwam al-Ishbili: Muslim Agriculture Scholar\" srcset=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/awwam-600-400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/awwam-600-400-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/awwam-600-400-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2c3144e9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2c3144e9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-69c8f763\" data-id=\"69c8f763\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fc1d78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1fc1d78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p id=\"ember377\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Ibn al-Awwam al-Ishbili was a prominent agricultural scientist during the Andalusian era who made significant contributions to the field. Born in Seville, Spain, he came from a wealthy family that owned farmlands, which sparked his passion for agriculture from a young age. He studied under various scholars of his time, gaining knowledge in multiple fields such as astronomy and medicine.<\/p><h3 id=\"ember378\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__heading-3\">\u00a0<\/h3><h3 id=\"ember379\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__heading-3\">The Book of Andalusian Agriculture<\/h3><p id=\"ember380\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Ibn al-Awwam authored his famous &#8220;Book of Agriculture,&#8221; considered one of the most important agricultural works of the Middle Ages. The book consists of 34 chapters covering all aspects of agriculture, including:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Details on 585 plant species <\/strong>: The book provides comprehensive information on how to cultivate and care for these plants.<\/li><li><strong>Cultivation of over 50 types of fruit trees <\/strong>: This includes techniques for planting, pruning, and production.<\/li><li><strong>Valuable notes on soil and fertilizers <\/strong>: The book discusses the effects of different soils on crops and how to improve them using fertilizers.<\/li><li><strong>Agricultural calendar <\/strong>: Ibn al-Awwam was one of the few Andalusian scholars to include an agricultural calendar in his work, helping farmers organize planting and harvesting times.<\/li><li><strong>Chapters on animal husbandry <\/strong>: The book also covers livestock rearing, including cattle, sheep, goats, camels, horses, mules, donkeys, poultry, and bees.<\/li><\/ul><h3 id=\"ember382\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__heading-3\">Scientific Experiments<\/h3><p id=\"ember383\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Ibn al-Awwam was a pioneer in conducting agricultural experiments. He experimented with olive cultivation and developed new grafting techniques. He also recorded his experiments in growing saffron under irrigation, demonstrating his ability to innovate and adapt to environmental conditions. Ibn al-Awwam stated:<\/p><blockquote id=\"ember384\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__blockquote\">&#8220;As for my personal contribution, I present nothing that I have not first proven through repeated experiments&#8221; (Ibn al-Awwam, Cl\u00e9ment-Mullet 1866, Part One, p. 9).<\/blockquote><p id=\"ember385\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Among the experiments he recorded was grafting wild mountain olives with domestic plain olives, and successfully growing saffron under irrigation in mountainous areas.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_2016\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2016\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2016 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1736576541383-300x169.png\" alt=\" Ibn al-Awwam al-Ishbili \" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1736576541383-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1736576541383-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1736576541383-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/1736576541383.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2016\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ibn al-Awwam al-Ishbili<\/figcaption><\/figure><h3 id=\"ember388\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__heading-3\">His Agricultural Innovations<\/h3><h4 id=\"ember389\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__heading-3\">Irrigation Techniques<\/h4><p id=\"ember390\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Ibn al-Awwam was the first to use techniques such as drip irrigation, which helped improve water use efficiency and increase crop productivity. He also presented ideas on water management, such as irrigation timing and the amount of water required for each growth stage.<\/p><h3 id=\"ember391\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__heading-3\">Greenhouses<\/h3><p id=\"ember392\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Ibn al-Awwam is also considered one of the first scientists to use greenhouse-like structures, which helped protect plants from harsh weather conditions and extend the growing season.<\/p><h3 id=\"ember393\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__heading-3\">Legacy and Impact<\/h3><p id=\"ember394\" class=\"ember-view reader-text-block__paragraph\">Ibn al-Awwam&#8217;s influence extends beyond his era, with his work shaping modern understanding of agriculture. His &#8220;Book of Agriculture&#8221; remains a fundamental reference for farmers and researchers to this day and has been translated into several languages, helping spread agricultural knowledge across cultures. 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Debunking Myths About Food and Water Security<\/a><\/h3>\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-meta\"><a class=\"raven-post-meta-item raven-post-date\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/2025\/04\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 20, 2025<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"raven-post-image raven-image-fit\"  href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/the-puzzling-absence-of-erp-in-agriculture-why-are-farms-still-stuck-in-the-past\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/How-to-Build-an-ERP-for-Agriculture-600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2087\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/How-to-Build-an-ERP-for-Agriculture-600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/How-to-Build-an-ERP-for-Agriculture-600-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/How-to-Build-an-ERP-for-Agriculture-600-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/> <span class=\"raven-post-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"raven-post-title\"><a class=\"raven-post-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/the-puzzling-absence-of-erp-in-agriculture-why-are-farms-still-stuck-in-the-past\/\">The Puzzling Absence of ERP in Agriculture: Why Are Farms Still Stuck in the Past?<\/a><\/h3>\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-meta\"><a class=\"raven-post-meta-item raven-post-date\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/2025\/04\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1, 2025<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"raven-post-image raven-image-fit\"  href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/why-technology-alone-isnt-enough\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1740313884731-600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2078\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1740313884731-600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1740313884731-600-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1740313884731-600-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/> <span class=\"raven-post-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"raven-post-title\"><a class=\"raven-post-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/why-technology-alone-isnt-enough\/\">Why Technology Alone Isn&#8217;t Enough<\/a><\/h3>\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-meta\"><a class=\"raven-post-meta-item raven-post-date\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/2025\/03\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 20, 2025<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"raven-post-image raven-image-fit\"  href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/why-meeting-green-standards-isnt-sustainable-enough\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/USCG-HQ4_Hoachlander-Davis-Photography-600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2071\" alt=\"Green Standards\" srcset=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/USCG-HQ4_Hoachlander-Davis-Photography-600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/USCG-HQ4_Hoachlander-Davis-Photography-600-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/USCG-HQ4_Hoachlander-Davis-Photography-600-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/> <span class=\"raven-post-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"raven-post-title\"><a class=\"raven-post-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/why-meeting-green-standards-isnt-sustainable-enough\/\">Why Meeting Green Standards Isn&#8217;t Sustainable Enough<\/a><\/h3>\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-meta\"><a class=\"raven-post-meta-item raven-post-date\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/2025\/03\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 11, 2025<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"raven-post-image raven-image-fit\"  href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/the-role-of-smallholder-farmers-in-enhancing-national-food-security\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1616913300187-600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2063\" alt=\"small farms\" srcset=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1616913300187-600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1616913300187-600-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1616913300187-600-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/> <span class=\"raven-post-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"raven-post-title\"><a class=\"raven-post-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/the-role-of-smallholder-farmers-in-enhancing-national-food-security\/\">The Role of Smallholder Farmers in Enhancing National Food Security<\/a><\/h3>\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-meta\"><a class=\"raven-post-meta-item raven-post-date\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/2025\/03\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 3, 2025<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"raven-post-image raven-image-fit\"  href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/the-remarkable-resilience-of-seeds\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Germination-process-of-seed-600.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2057\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Germination-process-of-seed-600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Germination-process-of-seed-600-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Germination-process-of-seed-600-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/> <span class=\"raven-post-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"raven-post-title\"><a class=\"raven-post-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/the-remarkable-resilience-of-seeds\/\">The Remarkable Resilience of Seeds<\/a><\/h3>\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-meta\"><a class=\"raven-post-meta-item raven-post-date\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/2025\/02\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 25, 2025<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-image-wrap\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"raven-post-image raven-image-fit\"  href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/killing-the-food-security-golden-goose\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/FN-AC788_FN_Gol_P_20180201110903-600-400.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2022\" alt=\"Killing the Food Security Golden Goose\" srcset=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/FN-AC788_FN_Gol_P_20180201110903-600-400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/FN-AC788_FN_Gol_P_20180201110903-600-400-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/FN-AC788_FN_Gol_P_20180201110903-600-400-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/> <span class=\"raven-post-image-overlay\"><\/span><\/a>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"raven-post-title\"><a class=\"raven-post-title-link\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/killing-the-food-security-golden-goose\/\">Killing the Food Security Golden Goose<\/a><\/h3>\t\t<div class=\"raven-post-meta\"><a class=\"raven-post-meta-item raven-post-date\" href=\"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/posts\/2025\/02\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 13, 2025<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pager-outside bullets-pagination-type\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Muslim agricultural scientist who revolutionized farming worldwide and invented drip irrigation and greenhouse cultivation!<\/p>\n<p>Ibn al-Awwam al-Ishbili, the Andalusian genius who authored the famous &#8220;Book of Agriculture&#8221;!<br \/>\nThis book is not just an ordinary publication, but a comprehensive agricultural encyclopedia containing information on 585 plant species and 50 types of fruit trees!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2015,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-english-internal"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2013","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2013"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2013\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2019,"href":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2013\/revisions\/2019"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/greenmawared.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}